Dangane da fa'idar aikace -aikacen horo na mutuwa, yana da ɗan wahala a bincika asalinsa na tarihi. Gajerun rubutun da wasu mutane suka tattara kayan ba tare da izini ba sun bazu a matsayin gaskiya ta wasu, amma a zahiri, ainihin binciken rubutun ya fi tsauri da wahala. Tarihin deadlift da bambance -bambancen sa yana da tsawo. Dan Adam yana da ikon da aka haifa na daga abubuwa masu nauyi daga kasa. Har ma ana iya cewa gawarwaki sun bayyana tare da fitowar mutane.
Yin hukunci daga bayanan da ake da su, aƙalla tun daga ƙarni na 18, wani bambancin farkon mutuwar: ɗaga nauyi ya bazu ko'ina cikin Ingila azaman hanyar horo.
Zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, kayan aikin motsa jiki da ake kira “nauyi mai nauyi” ya shahara a Amurka. An saka farashin wannan kayan aiki akan dalar Amurka 100 (kusan kwatankwacin dalar Amurka 2500 na yanzu), mai ƙera ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan shine mafi kyawun kayan aikin motsa jiki na duniya, ba wai kawai zai iya dawo da lafiya ba, har ma yana tsara jiki don ƙara jan hankali. Ana iya gani daga hoto cewa wannan kayan aikin yayi ɗan kama da mutuwar motar a wasu gasa mai ƙarfi na yanzu. Yana da mahimmanci mai ba da gudummawa na rabin lokaci: ɗaga nauyi daga tsayin maraƙi zuwa tsayin kugu. Bambanci daga mutuwar rai da muke yawan yi yanzu shine mai ba da horo yana buƙatar ɗaukar nauyi a ɓangarorin biyu na jiki maimakon a gaban jiki. Wannan yana sa yanayin aikin sa ya zama kamar cakuda tsugunnowa da jan hankali, ɗan kama da ƙyalli mai ƙyalli na yau da kullun. Kodayake yana da wuyar tabbatar da yadda aka ƙera wannan na'urar, labarin da Jan Todd ya rubuta a 1993 game da majagaba na wasannin wutar lantarki na Amurka George Barker Windship yana ba mu wasu alamu:
George Barker Windship (1834-1876), likitan Amurka ne. A cikin bayanan sashen likitanci, an yi rikodin cewa akwai dakin motsa jiki da ya gina kusa da ɗakin aikin Windship, kuma zai gaya wa marasa lafiyar da suka zo ganin: Idan za su iya yin ƙarin lokaci a gidan motsa jiki a baya, ba su ' ina bukatan shi yanzu. Ya zo ganin likita. Windship shima mutum ne mai girman kai. Sau da yawa yana nuna ikonsa a bainar jama'a, sannan yana bugawa yayin da baƙin ƙarfe yake da zafi, yana ba da jawabai ga masu girgizawa da masu kishi, yana cusa ra'ayin cewa horar da ƙarfi na iya inganta lafiya. Windship ya yi imanin cewa yakamata tsokoki na jiki duka su daidaita kuma su ci gaba sosai ba tare da wani rauni ba. Ya yaba da tsarin horo na gajeren lokaci, ya dage cewa lokaci guda na horo bai wuce awa daya ba, kuma ya kamata ya huta sosai ya murmure kafin horo na biyu. Ya yi imanin cewa wannan shine sirrin lafiya da tsawon rai.
Windship sau ɗaya ya ga kayan aikin motsa jiki dangane da ƙirar mutuwa a New York. Matsakaicin nauyin shine "kawai" fam 420, wanda yayi masa sauƙi. Ba da daɗewa ba ya ƙera wani nau'in kayan motsa jiki da kansa. Rabin ya binne wani babban guga na katako wanda ya cika da yashi da duwatsu a cikin ƙasa, ya gina dandamali sama da babban guga na katako, sannan ya sanya igiyoyi da riƙo akan babban guga na katako. An ɗaga babban ganga na katako. Matsakaicin nauyin da ya ɗaga tare da wannan kayan aiki ya kai kilo 2,600 mai ban mamaki! Wannan ingantaccen bayani ne ko da wane zamani ne.
Ba da daɗewa ba, labarin Windship da sabon abin da ya ƙirƙira ya bazu kamar wutar daji. Kwaikwayo sun bazu kamar na bamboo bayan ruwan sama. A shekarun 1860, kowane irin kayan aiki ya lalace. Masu arha, kamar waɗanda gurucin lafiyar Amurka Orson S. Fowler ya yi, kawai ana buƙatar kaɗan. Dalar Amurka tana da kyau, yayin da ake tsada masu tsada har ɗaruruwan daloli. Ta hanyar lura da tallace-tallace a wannan lokacin, mun gano cewa irin wannan kayan aikin galibi ana yin niyya ne ga dangin Amurka masu matsakaicin matsayi. Iyalai da ofisoshin Amurkawa da yawa sun ƙara irin wannan kayan aiki, kuma akwai ɗakunan motsa jiki da yawa waɗanda ke sanye da kayan aiki iri ɗaya akan titi. An kira wannan "kulob mai ɗaga nauyi mai nauyi" a lokacin. Abin takaici, wannan yanayin bai daɗe ba. A cikin 1876, WIndship ya mutu yana da shekaru 42. Wannan babban rauni ne ga horon ƙarfin ƙarfi da kayan aiki masu nauyi. Masu ba da shawara sun mutu duk suna ƙarami. A zahiri, akwai dalilin da zai sa a daina amincewa da wannan hanyar horo.
Koyaya, yanayin ba haka bane. Ƙungiyoyin horar da ƙarfi da suka fito a ƙarshen karni na 19 sun ƙara karɓar raɗaɗɗen kisa da bambance -bambancensu daban -daban. Nahiyar Turai har ma ta dauki bakuncin gasar daukar nauyi mai nauyi a cikin 1891, inda aka yi amfani da nau'ukan daukar nauyi daban -daban. Za a iya ɗaukar shekarun 1890 a matsayin zamanin da aka yi amfani da manyan abubuwan ɗaukar nauyi. Misali, kisa mai nauyin kilo 661 da aka rubuta a cikin 1895 yana daya daga cikin bayanan farko na manyan garkuwar jiki. Babban allahn da ya sami wannan nasarar shine sunan Julius Cochard. Bafaranshen, wanda tsayinsa ƙafa 5 ne inci 10 kuma yana nauyin kilo 200, ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan kokawa na wannan zamanin da ƙarfi da fasaha.
Bugu da ƙari ga wannan babban allahn, ƙwararrun masu horar da ƙarfi da yawa a cikin shekarun 1890-1910 sun yi ƙoƙarin yin nasarori a cikin matattarar mutuwa. Daga cikinsu, ƙarfin Hackenschmidt yana da ban mamaki, yana iya jan sama da fam 600 da hannu ɗaya, kuma ƙaramin mashahurin mai ɗaukar nauyi na Kanada Dandurand da Moerke jarumi na Jamus suma suna amfani da nauyi mai yawa. Kodayake akwai manyan masu fafutuka na wasanni masu ƙarfi da yawa, tsararraki na gaba suna ba da ƙarin kulawa ga wani maigidan: Hermann Goener lokacin da yake nazarin tarihin kisa.
Hermann Goener ya fito a farkon karni na 20, amma kololuwar sa ta kasance a cikin 1920s da 1930s, lokacin da ya kafa jerin bayanan duniya don horarwar ƙarfi ciki har da kettlebells da deadlifts:
Ø Oktoba 1920, Leipzig, ya mutu da nauyin kilo 360 da hannu biyu
Laukar nauyi mai ɗaukar nauyi 330 kg
A watan Afrilu 1920, kwace 125 kg, mai tsabta da jerk 160 kg
Ø A ranar 18 ga Agustan 1933, an kammala aikin kisa ta amfani da sandar barbell na musamman (manyan maza biyu da ke zaune a kowane ƙarshen, jimlar maza 4 manya, 376.5 kg)
Waɗannan nasarorin sun riga sun zama masu ban mamaki, kuma a idona, abin da ya fi jan hankalinsa game da shi shi ne ya kammala ɗaukar nauyin fam 596 da yatsu huɗu kaɗai (biyu kawai a kowane hannu). Irin wannan ƙarfin riko na kowa ne ko da a mafarki. ba zai iya tunanin ba! Goener ya haɓaka yaduwa na kashe -kashe a duk duniya, don haka yawancin ƙarni masu zuwa suna kiransa uban matattu. Kodayake wannan hujja a buɗe take don tambaya, yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka matattun abubuwan hawa. Bayan shekarun 1930, matattu sun kusan zama wani muhimmin sashi na horar da ƙarfi. Misali, John Grimek, tauraron ƙungiyar nauyi masu nauyi ta New York a cikin shekarun 1930, ya kasance mai son kisa. Hatta waɗanda ba sa neman ɗaga nauyi mai nauyi, kamar Steve Reeves, suna amfani da matattun abubuwa a matsayin babbar hanyar samun tsoka.
Yayin da mutane da yawa ke yin horo na mutuwa, aikin mutuwa yana kuma tashi. Kodayake har yanzu yana da shekaru da yawa daga shaharar karfin iko, mutane sun kara himma game da ɗaga nauyi mai nauyi. Misali, John Terry ya kashe kilo 600 tare da nauyin kilo 132! Kimanin shekaru goma bayan wannan, Bob Peoples ya kashe fam 720 tare da nauyin kilo 180.
Deadlift ya zama hanyar horo na yau da kullun, kuma mutane suna ƙara yin mamakin inda iyakar ƙimar take. Don haka, an fara tserewar makamai irin na tseren makamai na Amurka da Soviet: A 1961, mai ɗaukar nauyi na Kanada Ben Coats ya kashe fam 750 a karon farko, yana auna fam 270; a cikin 1969, Don Don Cundy na Amurka ya kashe fam 270. 801 fam. Mutane sun ga begen ƙalubalantar fam 1,000; a cikin 1970s da 1980s, Vince Anello ya kammala fam 800 na matattu tare da kasa da fam 200. A wannan lokacin, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya zama sanannen wasanni, yana jan hankalin ɗimbin 'yan wasa maza da mata masu ƙarfi. Shiga; 'yar wasan tsere Jan Todd ta kashe kilo 400 a cikin shekarun 1970s, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa mata ma za su iya samun nasara a cikin horarwar ƙarfi.
Duk shekarun 1970 wani zamani ne na taurarin taurari, kuma ƙarin 'yan wasan ƙaramin nauyi sun fara ɗaga nauyi mai nauyi. Misali, a cikin 1974 Mike Cross ya kashe fam 549 tare da fam 123, kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, John Kuc ya taurare da fam 242. Jawo fam 849. Kusan a lokaci guda, magungunan steroid sun fara yaduwa sannu a hankali. Wasu mutane sun sami sakamako mafi kyau tare da albarkar miyagun ƙwayoyi, amma burin kilo 1,000 na ɗaukar nauyi kamar yana da nisa. A farkon shekarun 1980, mutane sun sami nasarar tsallake-tsallaken fam dubu, amma mafi girman aikin kisa a daidai wannan lokacin shine fam na 904 na Dan Wohleber a 1982. Babu wanda zai iya karya wannan rikodin na kusan shekaru goma. Ba sai 1991 ne Ed Coan ya ɗaga fam 901 ba. Kodayake yana kusa kuma bai karya wannan rikodin ba, Coan yayi nauyin fam 220 kawai, idan aka kwatanta da na Wohleber. Nauyin ya kai kilo 297. Amma harbin da aka yi na kilo 1,000 ya yi nisa sosai har kimiyya ta fara yanke shawarar cewa tazarar fam dubu daya ba zai yiwu ga mutane ba.
Har zuwa 2007, almara Andy Bolton ya jawo fam 1,003. Bayan shekaru ɗari, mutuwar ɗan adam a ƙarshe ta karya alamar fam dubu. Amma wannan ba ƙarshen bane. Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan haka, Andy Bolton ya karya nasa rikodin tare da mummunan fam 1,008. Rikodin duniya na yanzu shine 501 kg/1103 fam wanda "Magic Mountain" ya kirkira. A yau, duk da cewa ba mu iya tabbatar da wanda ya ƙirƙiro da mutuwar ba, ba shi da mahimmanci kuma. Muhimmin abu shine a cikin wannan tsari mai wahala, mutane suna ci gaba da bincike da haɓaka iyakokin su, kuma a lokaci guda suna ƙarfafa mutane da yawa don shiga cikin wasanni.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-24-2021